Medium / Logistics Warehouse Fire Early Warning — Sensor Selection & 4G Network Deployment Plan
This plan provides a **practical deployment scheme** for medium-sized warehouses (approx. 1,000–5,000 sqm, dense shelving, diverse goods). It covers sensor selection, placement strategies, 4G network architecture, alarm workflow, maintenance, and cost estimation. The design is based on a multi-modal **fire early warning system**plan。
1. Overall Approach (System Objectives)
1. Early Detection & Multi-Sensor Fusion**
Utilize smoke, temperature, flame, and CO sensors to create a multi-modal fire detection system, enhancing early warning capability.
2. 4G Wireless Transmission**
Avoid complex cabling; 4G industrial gateways provide real-time data transmission, remote monitoring, and alerts, ideal for warehouses without fixed networks.
3. Hierarchical Alarm and Interlock Actions**
Local audible/visual alarms + platform alerts + SMS/phone notifications + optional fire suppression interlocks (power cut-off, valve closure, sprinklers).
4. Scalable, Maintainable, Remote Upgrade**
Supports AI video smoke/flame recognition, thermal imaging monitoring, and LoRa wireless sensor expansion.
2. Sensor Selection (Detailed List)
Core Detection Sensors (Mandatory)
1. Photoelectric Smoke Sensor
Function: Detect smoldering fire, a key sensor in the **fire early warning system**.
Specifications: Industrial-grade, dust-resistant, adjustable sensitivity, self-check.
Placement: 1 unit per 200–400 sqm, denser in high-density shelving areas, 30–50 cm below the ceiling.
Response Time: 15–30 seconds for typical smoke density change.
2. Temperature Sensor / Thermal Detector (Differential + Fixed)
Function: Detect rapid temperature rise or abnormal high temperature.
Differential type for rapid fire detection; fixed type for sustained high temperature zones.
Accuracy: ±1°C.
Placement: 1 per equipment-intensive area or switchgear; 1 per 500 sqm in storage areas.
3. Flame Sensor (UV / UV-IR)
Function: Detect open flames quickly, complementing smoke sensors.
Placement: Charging areas, flammable storage zones, near power equipment.
Field of view: 90–120° recommended; use UV+IR detection logic to reduce false alarms.
Enhanced / Optional Sensors
4. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sensor** — early detection of smoldering fire.
5. Combustible Gas Sensor (CH₄ / LPG / VOC)** — for chemical or flammable storage zones.
6. PM2.5 / PM10 Particulate Matter Sensor** — auxiliary trend monitoring with smoke/CO sensors.
7. Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera** — detects hotspots, generates thermal maps, suitable for high-value storage or electrical rooms.
8. Arc / Acoustic Detection Sensor** — identifies early-stage electrical fires in switchgear.
Combined, these sensors form a complete multi-modal **fire early warning system**.
3. 4G Network Architecture
Terminal Layer (Sensors)
Smoke, temperature, flame, CO, thermal imaging, combustible gas.
Interfaces: RS485, Modbus RTU/TCP, LoRa, Zigbee, 4–20 mA, digital I/O.
Edge Layer (4G Gateway)
Functions: Collect sensor data, execute local rule engine, upload to cloud via 4G.
Local interlock: Audible/visual alarms, power cutoff, sprinkler activation.
Gateway Requirements:
LTE Cat1/4, dual SIM backup
VPN, MQTT over TLS, HTTPS, FTP
Local thresholds & rule engine
OTA remote upgrade support
**Cloud Platform**
* Real-time monitoring, alarm rules engine, data storage, trend analysis
* Event recording & report export
* Device health monitoring (signal strength, heartbeat, battery)
### **Mobile & Duty Console**
* Multi-channel alerts: app push, SMS, call, email, dashboard
4. Sampling Strategy & Thresholds
* Smoke Sensor:** index ≥0.06 or sustained rise 20–30 s triggers alarm
* Temperature Sensor:** fixed threshold 60–80°C; rise rate >6°C/min triggers differential alarm
* Flame Sensor:** real-time detection triggers immediate alarm
* CO Sensor:** ≥50 ppm warning, ≥100 ppm emergency
* Combustible Gas:** 20–30% LEL warning, ≥50% LEL emergency interlock
> These thresholds form the core logic of the intelligent **fire early warning system**.
5. Sensor Placement Recommendations
1. **Storage Area:** Smoke sensor 1 unit / 400 sqm, 0.3–0.5 m below shelf tops
2. **Charging / Battery Area:** Smoke + flame + temperature + thermal imaging
3. **Electrical / Server Rooms:** Smoke + differential temperature + arc detection + thermal imaging
4. **Office / Entry Areas:** Smoke + CO
5. **Kitchen / Heated Areas:** High-temperature smoke + combustible gas sensor
6. Local Interlock & Alarm Workflow
1. Sensor detects anomaly
2. Gateway evaluates thresholds
3. Local audible/visual alarm triggered
4. Cloud platform alarm issued
5. SMS/phone/app notification
6. Emergency interlocks: sprinkler, power cut, gas shutoff, ventilation activation
7. Power, Installation & Maintenance
* Power: AC mains + UPS (for gateway, thermal cameras, critical sensors)
* Optional solar + battery for LoRa nodes
* Installation height: Smoke 30–50 cm below ceiling; flame sensor as per FOV
* 4G antenna grounding & lightning protection
* Regular calibration & monthly drills
8. Cloud Platform Management
* Real-time dashboard (temperature, smoke, flame trends)
* Alarm history & retrospective analysis
* Device health monitoring
* OTA firmware updates
* Multi-level permissions & audit logs
9. Cost & Procurement Guidance
* Industrial smoke sensors: medium price range
* Temperature sensors: low–medium
* UV/IR flame detectors: medium–high
* CO / combustible gas sensors: medium–high
* Industrial 4G gateway (dual SIM, optional LoRa module): medium–high
* Thermal imaging camera: high-end
> Actual costs depend on brand, quantity, and installation complexity. A detailed BOM can be provided.
10. Example Deployment List (Simplified)
* Photoelectric Smoke × 20
* Temperature Sensor × 8
* UV/IR Flame Detector × 4
* CO Sensor × 6
* Combustible Gas × 2
* Thermal Imaging Camera × 2
* Industrial 4G Gateway × 2 (main/backup)
* LoRa Gateway × 1–2 (optional)
* Audible/Visual Alarm, UPS, cables
11. Future Expansion
* AI video smoke/flame recognition
* Predictive maintenance via temperature/electrical trends
* Integration with BMS/EMS / energy & safety systems
* LoRa / other LPWAN expansion for large-span warehouses
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